Embedding CRuby interpreter without internal headers has been difficult

for few years because:
* NODE is no longer accessible.
* rb_iseq_eval_main crashes without preparing with rb_thread_t.
* some existing APIs calls exit(3) without giving the opportunity to
  finalize or handle errors to the client.
* No general-purpose function to compile a source to an iseq are
  published in the public headers.

This commit solves the problems.

	* include/ruby/ruby.h: Grouped APIs for embedding CRuby interpreter.
	  (ruby_setup, ruby_compile_main_from_file,
	  ruby_compile_main_from_string, ruby_eval_main,
	  ruby_set_script_name): new APIs to embed CRuby.
	  (ruby_opaque_t) Opaque pointer to an internal data, to NODE or iseq
	  in particular.

	* eval.c (ruby_setup): Similar to ruby_init but returns an error code
	  instead of exit(3) on error.
	  (ruby_eval_main): Similar to ruby_exec_node but returns the
	  evaluation result.
	  (ruby_eval_main_internal): renamed from ruby_exec_internal.

	* ruby.c (toplevel_context): new helper function.
	  (PREPARE_EVAL_MAIN): moved.
	  (process_options): refactored with new functions.
	  (parse_and_compile_main) new helper funciton.
	  (ruby_compile_main_from_file, ruby_compile_main_from_string) new API
	  (ruby_set_script_name): new API.

git-svn-id: svn+ssh://ci.ruby-lang.org/ruby/trunk@36079 b2dd03c8-39d4-4d8f-98ff-823fe69b080e

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