Add a specialized instruction for `.nil?` calls

This commit adds a specialized instruction for called to `.nil?`.  It is
about 27% faster than master in the case where the object is nil or not
nil.  In the case where an object implements `nil?`, I think it may be
slightly slower.  Here is a benchmark:

```ruby
require "benchmark/ips"

class Niller
  def nil?; true; end
end

not_nil = Object.new
xnil = nil
niller = Niller.new

Benchmark.ips do |x|
  x.report("nil?")    { xnil.nil? }
  x.report("not nil") { not_nil.nil? }
  x.report("niller")   { niller.nil? }
end
```

On Ruby master:

```
[aaron@TC ~/g/ruby (master)]$ ./ruby compil.rb
Warming up --------------------------------------
                nil?   429.195k i/100ms
             not nil   437.889k i/100ms
              niller   437.935k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
                nil?     20.166M (± 8.1%) i/s -    100.002M in   5.002794s
             not nil     20.046M (± 7.6%) i/s -     99.839M in   5.020086s
              niller     22.467M (± 6.1%) i/s -    112.111M in   5.013817s
[aaron@TC ~/g/ruby (master)]$ ./ruby compil.rb
Warming up --------------------------------------
                nil?   449.660k i/100ms
             not nil   433.836k i/100ms
              niller   443.073k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
                nil?     19.997M (± 8.8%) i/s -     99.375M in   5.020458s
             not nil     20.529M (± 7.0%) i/s -    102.385M in   5.020689s
              niller     21.796M (± 8.0%) i/s -    108.110M in   5.002300s
[aaron@TC ~/g/ruby (master)]$ ./ruby compil.rb
Warming up --------------------------------------
                nil?   402.119k i/100ms
             not nil   438.968k i/100ms
              niller   398.226k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
                nil?     20.050M (±12.2%) i/s -     98.519M in   5.008817s
             not nil     20.614M (± 8.0%) i/s -    102.280M in   5.004531s
              niller     22.223M (± 8.8%) i/s -    110.309M in   5.013106s

```

On this branch:

```
[aaron@TC ~/g/ruby (specialized-nilp)]$ ./ruby compil.rb
Warming up --------------------------------------
                nil?   468.371k i/100ms
             not nil   456.517k i/100ms
              niller   454.981k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
                nil?     27.849M (± 7.8%) i/s -    138.169M in   5.001730s
             not nil     26.417M (± 8.7%) i/s -    131.020M in   5.011674s
              niller     21.561M (± 7.5%) i/s -    107.376M in   5.018113s
[aaron@TC ~/g/ruby (specialized-nilp)]$ ./ruby compil.rb
Warming up --------------------------------------
                nil?   477.259k i/100ms
             not nil   428.712k i/100ms
              niller   446.109k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
                nil?     28.071M (± 7.3%) i/s -    139.837M in   5.016590s
             not nil     25.789M (±12.9%) i/s -    126.470M in   5.011144s
              niller     20.002M (±12.2%) i/s -     98.144M in   5.001737s
[aaron@TC ~/g/ruby (specialized-nilp)]$ ./ruby compil.rb
Warming up --------------------------------------
                nil?   467.676k i/100ms
             not nil   445.791k i/100ms
              niller   415.024k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
                nil?     26.907M (± 8.0%) i/s -    133.755M in   5.013915s
             not nil     25.319M (± 7.9%) i/s -    125.713M in   5.007758s
              niller     19.569M (±11.8%) i/s -     96.286M in   5.008533s
```

Co-Authored-By: Ashe Connor <kivikakk@github.com>

8 files changed, 48 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/benchmark/nil_p.yml b/benchmark/nil_p.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79ba4f2177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmark/nil_p.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+prelude: |
+  class Niller; def nil?; true; end; end
+  xnil, notnil = nil, Object.new
+  niller = Niller.new
+benchmark:
+  - xnil.nil?
+  - notnil.nil?
+  - niller.nil?
+loop_count: 10000000
diff --git a/compile.c b/compile.c
index 774dadfc79..b6d3cb140f 100644
--- a/compile.c
+++ b/compile.c
@@ -3255,6 +3255,7 @@ iseq_specialized_instruction(rb_iseq_t *iseq, INSN *iobj)
 		  case idLength: SP_INSN(length); return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idSize:	 SP_INSN(size);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idEmptyP: SP_INSN(empty_p);return COMPILE_OK;
+		  case idNilP:   SP_INSN(nil_p);  return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idSucc:	 SP_INSN(succ);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		  case idNot:	 SP_INSN(not);	  return COMPILE_OK;
 		}
diff --git a/defs/id.def b/defs/id.def
index 66dfdf915a..25677ffdc2 100644
--- a/defs/id.def
+++ b/defs/id.def
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ firstline, predefined = __LINE__+1, %[\
   max
   min
   freeze
+  nil?
   inspect
   intern
   object_id
diff --git a/insns.def b/insns.def
index c971026cf6..7c93af6e4d 100644
--- a/insns.def
+++ b/insns.def
@@ -808,6 +808,20 @@ opt_str_freeze
     }
 }
 
+/* optimized nil? */
+DEFINE_INSN
+opt_nil_p
+(CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
+(VALUE recv)
+(VALUE val)
+{
+    val = vm_opt_nil_p(ci, cc, recv);
+
+    if (val == Qundef) {
+        CALL_SIMPLE_METHOD();
+    }
+}
+
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_str_uminus
 (VALUE str, CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
diff --git a/object.c b/object.c
index 3aa7cd20d2..f31875f8c0 100644
--- a/object.c
+++ b/object.c
@@ -1687,7 +1687,7 @@ rb_true(VALUE obj)
  */
 
 
-static VALUE
+VALUE
 rb_false(VALUE obj)
 {
     return Qfalse;
diff --git a/vm.c b/vm.c
index ca5df22315..0759ef2a01 100644
--- a/vm.c
+++ b/vm.c
@@ -1656,6 +1656,7 @@ vm_init_redefined_flag(void)
     OP(Call, CALL), (C(Proc));
     OP(And, AND), (C(Integer));
     OP(Or, OR), (C(Integer));
+    OP(NilP, NIL_P), (C(NilClass));
 #undef C
 #undef OP
 }
diff --git a/vm_core.h b/vm_core.h
index 0120f21831..d5e18ba489 100644
--- a/vm_core.h
+++ b/vm_core.h
@@ -550,6 +550,7 @@ enum ruby_basic_operators {
     BOP_LENGTH,
     BOP_SIZE,
     BOP_EMPTY_P,
+    BOP_NIL_P,
     BOP_SUCC,
     BOP_GT,
     BOP_GE,
diff --git a/vm_insnhelper.c b/vm_insnhelper.c
index 57f6d91e88..1875d35de1 100644
--- a/vm_insnhelper.c
+++ b/vm_insnhelper.c
@@ -4228,6 +4228,26 @@ vm_opt_empty_p(VALUE recv)
     }
 }
 
+VALUE rb_false(VALUE obj);
+
+static VALUE
+vm_opt_nil_p(CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc, VALUE recv)
+{
+    if (recv == Qnil) {
+        if (BASIC_OP_UNREDEFINED_P(BOP_NIL_P, NIL_REDEFINED_OP_FLAG)) {
+            return Qtrue;
+        } else {
+            return Qundef;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (vm_method_cfunc_is(ci, cc, recv, rb_false)) {
+            return Qfalse;
+        } else {
+            return Qundef;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 static VALUE
 fix_succ(VALUE x)
 {