Update to ruby/spec@a0b7d0d

66 files changed, 938 insertions, 162 deletions

diff --git a/spec/ruby/README.md b/spec/ruby/README.md
index 8bdba2cb00..c5b7d6fb6a 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/README.md
+++ b/spec/ruby/README.md
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ ruby/spec is known to be tested in these implementations for every commit:
 * [Opal](https://github.com/opal/opal/tree/master/spec)
 
 ruby/spec describes the behavior of Ruby 2.5 and more recent Ruby versions.
-More precisely, every latest stable MRI release should [pass](https://travis-ci.org/ruby/spec) all specs of ruby/spec (2.5.x, 2.6.x, 2.7.x, etc), and those are tested in TravisCI.
+More precisely, every latest stable MRI release should [pass](https://github.com/ruby/spec/actions/workflows/ci.yml) all specs of ruby/spec (2.5.x, 2.6.x, 2.7.x, etc), and those are tested in CI.
 
 ### Synchronization with Ruby Implementations
 
diff --git a/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_encoding_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_encoding_spec.rb
index 36ce55af5f..5803d328c1 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_encoding_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_encoding_spec.rb
@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@ describe "The --encoding command line option" do
   end
 
   it "does not accept a third encoding" do
-    ruby_exe(@test_string, options: "--disable-gems --encoding big5:#{@enc2}:utf-32le", args: "2>&1").should =~ /extra argument for --encoding: utf-32le/
+    options = {
+      options: "--disable-gems --encoding big5:#{@enc2}:utf-32le",
+      args: "2>&1",
+      exit_status: 1
+    }
+
+    ruby_exe(@test_string, options).should =~ /extra argument for --encoding: utf-32le/
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_r_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_r_spec.rb
index 46c000b9e7..ea5bde5adf 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_r_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_r_spec.rb
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ describe "The -r command line option" do
   end
 
   it "requires the file before parsing the main script" do
-    out = ruby_exe(fixture(__FILE__, "bad_syntax.rb"), options: "-r #{@test_file}", args: "2>&1")
+    out = ruby_exe(fixture(__FILE__, "bad_syntax.rb"), options: "-r #{@test_file}", args: "2>&1", exit_status: 1)
     $?.should_not.success?
     out.should include("REQUIRED")
     out.should include("syntax error")
diff --git a/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_upper_e_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_upper_e_spec.rb
index b3c6ce262b..5a83962583 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_upper_e_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_upper_e_spec.rb
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ describe "ruby -E" do
   it "raises a RuntimeError if used with -U" do
     ruby_exe("p 1",
              options: '-Eascii:ascii -U',
-             args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+             args: '2>&1',
+             exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_upper_s_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_upper_s_spec.rb
index 3a28fa2ad2..17991503f1 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_upper_s_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_upper_s_spec.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ describe 'The -S command line option' do
     end
 
     it "runs launcher found in PATH and sets the exit status to 1 if it fails" do
-      result = ruby_exe(nil, options: '-S dash_s_fail', env: { 'PATH' => @path }, args: '2>&1')
+      result = ruby_exe(nil, options: '-S dash_s_fail', env: { 'PATH' => @path }, args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1)
       result.should =~ /\bdie\b/
       $?.exitstatus.should == 1
     end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_upper_u_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_upper_u_spec.rb
index 2546b5b9f4..d62718b095 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_upper_u_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_upper_u_spec.rb
@@ -32,12 +32,14 @@ describe "ruby -U" do
   it "raises a RuntimeError if used with -Eext:int" do
     ruby_exe("p 1",
              options: '-U -Eascii:ascii',
-             args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+             args: '2>&1',
+             exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError if used with -E:int" do
     ruby_exe("p 1",
              options: '-U -E:ascii',
-             args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+             args: '2>&1',
+             exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_x_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_x_spec.rb
index eb89db0144..ae14b61070 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_x_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/command_line/dash_x_spec.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ describe "The -x command line option" do
 
   it "fails when /\#!.*ruby.*/-ish line in target file is not found" do
     bad_embedded_ruby = fixture __FILE__, "bin/bad_embedded_ruby.txt"
-    result = ruby_exe(bad_embedded_ruby, options: '-x', args: '2>&1')
+    result = ruby_exe(bad_embedded_ruby, options: '-x', args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1)
     result.should include "no Ruby script found in input"
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/ruby/command_line/error_message_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/command_line/error_message_spec.rb
index f3f7de4fd4..02150f30ce 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/command_line/error_message_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/command_line/error_message_spec.rb
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ require_relative '../spec_helper'
 
 describe "The error message caused by an exception" do
   it "is not printed to stdout" do
-    out = ruby_exe("this_does_not_exist", args: "2> #{File::NULL}")
+    out = ruby_exe("this_does_not_exist", args: "2> #{File::NULL}", exit_status: 1)
     out.chomp.should.empty?
 
-    out = ruby_exe("end #syntax error", args: "2> #{File::NULL}")
+    out = ruby_exe("end #syntax error", args: "2> #{File::NULL}", exit_status: 1)
     out.chomp.should.empty?
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/command_line/rubyopt_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/command_line/rubyopt_spec.rb
index a739f23eb8..a2b817bad8 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/command_line/rubyopt_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/command_line/rubyopt_spec.rb
@@ -87,101 +87,101 @@ describe "Processing RUBYOPT" do
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-a'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-a'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-p'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-p'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-n'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-n'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-y'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-y'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-c'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-c'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-s'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-s'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-h'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-h'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '--help'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '--help'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-l'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-l'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-S'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-S irb'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-e'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-e0'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-i'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-i.bak'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-x'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-x'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-C'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-C'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-X'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-X.'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-F'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-F'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '-0'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '-0'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '--copyright'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '--copyright'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '--version'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '--version'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 
   it "raises a RuntimeError for '--yydebug'" do
     ENV["RUBYOPT"] = '--yydebug'
-    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1').should =~ /RuntimeError/
+    ruby_exe("", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 1).should =~ /RuntimeError/
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/command_line/syntax_error_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/command_line/syntax_error_spec.rb
index f61cfe928d..444ea9635c 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/command_line/syntax_error_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/command_line/syntax_error_spec.rb
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ require_relative '../spec_helper'
 
 describe "The interpreter" do
   it "prints an error when given a file with invalid syntax" do
-    out = ruby_exe(fixture(__FILE__, "bad_syntax.rb"), args: "2>&1")
+    out = ruby_exe(fixture(__FILE__, "bad_syntax.rb"), args: "2>&1", exit_status: 1)
     out.should include "syntax error"
   end
 
   it "prints an error when given code via -e with invalid syntax" do
-    out = ruby_exe(nil, args: "-e 'a{' 2>&1")
+    out = ruby_exe(nil, args: "-e 'a{' 2>&1", exit_status: 1)
     out.should include "syntax error"
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/array/element_set_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/array/element_set_spec.rb
index 1c143f3e37..07c64b919e 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/array/element_set_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/array/element_set_spec.rb
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ describe "Array#[]=" do
     a[3, 2] = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
     a.should == [2, 2, 3, "a", "b", "c", "d", 6]
   end
+
   it "replaces the section defined by [start,length] with the given values" do
     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
     a[3, 2] = 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'
@@ -169,6 +170,7 @@ describe "Array#[]=" do
     ary[1...1] = []
     ary.should == [1, 2, 3]
   end
+
   it "does nothing if the section defined by range has negative width and the rhs is an empty array" do
     ary = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
     ary[1...0] = []
@@ -284,6 +286,12 @@ describe "Array#[]= with [index, count]" do
     (a[2, 3] = [4, 5]).should == [4, 5]
   end
 
+  it "accepts a frozen String literal as RHS" do
+    a = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+    a[0, 2] = 'd'.freeze
+    a.should == ['d', 'c']
+  end
+
   it "just sets the section defined by [start,length] to nil even if the rhs is nil" do
     a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
     a[1, 3] = nil
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/encoding/replicate_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/encoding/replicate_spec.rb
index 717e9cea72..45727a5c0d 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/encoding/replicate_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/encoding/replicate_spec.rb
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ describe "Encoding#replicate" do
     name = @prefix + '-ASCII'
     e = Encoding::ASCII.replicate(name)
     e.name.should == name
+    Encoding.find(name).should == e
+
     "a".force_encoding(e).valid_encoding?.should be_true
     "\x80".force_encoding(e).valid_encoding?.should be_false
   end
@@ -23,6 +25,8 @@ describe "Encoding#replicate" do
     name = @prefix + 'UTF-8'
     e = Encoding::UTF_8.replicate(name)
     e.name.should == name
+    Encoding.find(name).should == e
+
     "a".force_encoding(e).valid_encoding?.should be_true
     "\u3042".force_encoding(e).valid_encoding?.should be_true
     "\x80".force_encoding(e).valid_encoding?.should be_false
@@ -32,6 +36,8 @@ describe "Encoding#replicate" do
     name = @prefix + 'UTF-16-BE'
     e = Encoding::UTF_16BE.replicate(name)
     e.name.should == name
+    Encoding.find(name).should == e
+
     "a".force_encoding(e).valid_encoding?.should be_false
     "\x30\x42".force_encoding(e).valid_encoding?.should be_true
     "\x80".force_encoding(e).valid_encoding?.should be_false
@@ -40,7 +46,22 @@ describe "Encoding#replicate" do
   it "returns a replica of ISO-2022-JP" do
     name = @prefix + 'ISO-2022-JP'
     e = Encoding::ISO_2022_JP.replicate(name)
+    Encoding.find(name).should == e
+
     e.name.should == name
     e.dummy?.should be_true
   end
+
+  # NOTE: it's unclear of the value of this (for the complexity cost of it),
+  # but it is the current CRuby behavior.
+  it "can be associated with a String" do
+    name = @prefix + '-US-ASCII'
+    e = Encoding::US_ASCII.replicate(name)
+    e.name.should == name
+    Encoding.find(name).should == e
+
+    s = "abc".force_encoding(e)
+    s.encoding.should == e
+    s.encoding.name.should == name
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/enumerator/lazy/filter_map_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/enumerator/lazy/filter_map_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3480af0865
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/enumerator/lazy/filter_map_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# -*- encoding: us-ascii -*-
+
+require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
+require_relative 'fixtures/classes'
+
+ruby_version_is "2.7" do
+  describe "Enumerator::Lazy#filter_map" do
+    it "maps only truthy results" do
+      (1..Float::INFINITY).lazy.filter_map { |i| i if i.odd? }.first(4).should == [1, 3, 5, 7]
+    end
+
+    it "does not map false results" do
+      (1..Float::INFINITY).lazy.filter_map { |i| i.odd? ? i : false }.first(4).should == [1, 3, 5, 7]
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/exception/signal_exception_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/exception/signal_exception_spec.rb
index e494e18cde..2d2179a628 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/exception/signal_exception_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/exception/signal_exception_spec.rb
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ describe "SignalException" do
 
   platform_is_not :windows do
     it "runs after at_exit" do
-      output = ruby_exe(<<-RUBY)
+      output = ruby_exe(<<-RUBY, exit_status: nil)
         at_exit do
           puts "hello"
           $stdout.flush
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ describe "SignalException" do
     end
 
     it "cannot be trapped with Signal.trap" do
-      ruby_exe(<<-RUBY)
+      ruby_exe(<<-RUBY, exit_status: nil)
         Signal.trap("PROF") {}
         raise(SignalException, "PROF")
       RUBY
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ describe "SignalException" do
     end
 
     it "self-signals for USR1" do
-      ruby_exe("raise(SignalException, 'USR1')")
+      ruby_exe("raise(SignalException, 'USR1')", exit_status: nil)
       $?.termsig.should == Signal.list.fetch('USR1')
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/exception/system_exit_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/exception/system_exit_spec.rb
index 5c6116576b..eef9faf271 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/exception/system_exit_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/exception/system_exit_spec.rb
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ require_relative '../../spec_helper'
 describe "SystemExit" do
   it "sets the exit status and exits silently when raised" do
     code = 'raise SystemExit.new(7)'
-    result = ruby_exe(code, args: "2>&1")
+    result = ruby_exe(code, args: "2>&1", exit_status: 7)
     result.should == ""
     $?.exitstatus.should == 7
   end
 
   it "sets the exit status and exits silently when raised when subclassed" do
     code = 'class CustomExit < SystemExit; end; raise CustomExit.new(8)'
-    result = ruby_exe(code, args: "2>&1")
+    result = ruby_exe(code, args: "2>&1", exit_status: 8)
     result.should == ""
     $?.exitstatus.should == 8
   end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/exception/top_level_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/exception/top_level_spec.rb
index 501c7253c3..5c4514f694 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/exception/top_level_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/exception/top_level_spec.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require_relative '../../spec_helper'
 
 describe "An Exception reaching the top level" do
   it "is printed on STDERR" do
-    ruby_exe('raise "foo"', args: "2>&1").should.include?("in `<main>': foo (RuntimeError)")
+    ruby_exe('raise "foo"', args: "2>&1", exit_status: 1).should.include?("in `<main>': foo (RuntimeError)")
   end
 
   ruby_version_is "2.6" do
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ describe "An Exception reaching the top level" do
         raise_wrapped
       end
       RUBY
-      lines = ruby_exe(code, args: "2>&1").lines
+      lines = ruby_exe(code, args: "2>&1", exit_status: 1).lines
       lines.reject! { |l| l.include?('rescue in') }
       lines.map! { |l| l.chomp[/:(in.+)/, 1] }
       lines.should == ["in `raise_wrapped': wrapped (RuntimeError)",
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ describe "An Exception reaching the top level" do
         "/dir/bar.rb:20:in `caller'",
       ]
       RUBY
-      ruby_exe(code, args: "2>&1").should == <<-EOS
+      ruby_exe(code, args: "2>&1", exit_status: 1).should == <<-EOS
 /dir/foo.rb:10:in `raising': foo (RuntimeError)
 \tfrom /dir/bar.rb:20:in `caller'
       EOS
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/fiber/raise_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/fiber/raise_spec.rb
index f56219e565..2a465c8bfa 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/fiber/raise_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/fiber/raise_spec.rb
@@ -72,6 +72,26 @@ ruby_version_is "2.7" do
       -> { fiber.raise }.should raise_error
       -> { fiber.resume }.should raise_error(FiberError, /dead fiber called|attempt to resume a terminated fiber/)
     end
+
+    it "returns to calling fiber after raise" do
+      fiber_one = Fiber.new do
+        Fiber.yield :yield_one
+        :unreachable
+      end
+
+      fiber_two = Fiber.new do
+        results = []
+        results << fiber_one.resume
+        begin
+          fiber_one.raise
+        rescue
+          results << :rescued
+        end
+        results
+      end
+
+      fiber_two.resume.should == [:yield_one, :rescued]
+    end
   end
 
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/file/atime_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/file/atime_spec.rb
index 047bb0e10e..cef07ba010 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/file/atime_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/file/atime_spec.rb
@@ -16,20 +16,17 @@ describe "File.atime" do
   end
 
   platform_is :linux, :windows do
-    ## NOTE also that some Linux systems disable atime (e.g. via mount params) for better filesystem speed.
-    it "returns the last access time for the named file with microseconds" do
-      supports_subseconds = Integer(`stat -c%x '#{__FILE__}'`[/\.(\d+)/, 1], 10)
-      if supports_subseconds != 0
-        expected_time = Time.at(Time.now.to_i + 0.123456)
-        File.utime expected_time, 0, @file
-        # FIXME: A random failing test on Travis ppc64le.
-        # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17926
-        if ENV.key?('TRAVIS') && ENV['TRAVIS_CPU_ARCH'] == 'ppc64le'
-          skip '[ruby-core:17926] A random failure on Travis ppc64le'
+    platform_is_not :"powerpc64le-linux" do # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17926
+      ## NOTE also that some Linux systems disable atime (e.g. via mount params) for better filesystem speed.
+      it "returns the last access time for the named file with microseconds" do
+        supports_subseconds = Integer(`stat -c%x '#{__FILE__}'`[/\.(\d+)/, 1], 10)
+        if supports_subseconds != 0
+          expected_time = Time.at(Time.now.to_i + 0.123456)
+          File.utime expected_time, 0, @file
+          File.atime(@file).usec.should == expected_time.usec
+        else
+          File.atime(__FILE__).usec.should == 0
         end
-        File.atime(@file).usec.should == expected_time.usec
-      else
-        File.atime(__FILE__).usec.should == 0
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/file/basename_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/file/basename_spec.rb
index 6d7e432086..989409d76b 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/file/basename_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/file/basename_spec.rb
@@ -164,5 +164,20 @@ describe "File.basename" do
     basename.encoding.should == Encoding::Windows_1250
   end
 
+  it "returns a new unfrozen String" do
+    exts = [nil, '.rb', '.*', '.txt']
+    ['foo.rb','//', '/test/', 'test'].each do |example|
+      exts.each do |ext|
+        original = example.freeze
+        result = if ext
+                   File.basename(original, ext)
+                 else
+                   File.basename(original)
+                 end
+        result.should_not equal(original)
+        result.frozen?.should == false
+      end
+    end
+  end
 
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/hash/rehash_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/hash/rehash_spec.rb
index ff7b644786..0049080456 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/hash/rehash_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/hash/rehash_spec.rb
@@ -59,6 +59,24 @@ describe "Hash#rehash" do
     h.keys.should == [a]
   end
 
+  it "removes duplicate keys for large hashes" do
+    a = [1,2]
+    b = [1]
+
+    h = {}
+    h[a] = true
+    h[b] = true
+    100.times { |n| h[n] = true }
+    b << 2
+    h.size.should == 102
+    h.keys.should.include? a
+    h.keys.should.include? b
+    h.rehash
+    h.size.should == 101
+    h.keys.should.include? a
+    h.keys.should_not.include? [1]
+  end
+
   it "raises a FrozenError if called on a frozen instance" do
     -> { HashSpecs.frozen_hash.rehash  }.should raise_error(FrozenError)
     -> { HashSpecs.empty_frozen_hash.rehash }.should raise_error(FrozenError)
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/io/binmode_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/io/binmode_spec.rb
index b698777cad..342cac2a9b 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/io/binmode_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/io/binmode_spec.rb
@@ -57,4 +57,8 @@ describe "IO#binmode?" do
     @duped = @file.dup
     @duped.binmode?.should == @file.binmode?
   end
+
+  it "raises an IOError on closed stream" do
+    -> { IOSpecs.closed_io.binmode? }.should raise_error(IOError)
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/io/dup_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/io/dup_spec.rb
index 8cadaee118..68d538377f 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/io/dup_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/io/dup_spec.rb
@@ -84,4 +84,23 @@ end
       dup.close
     end
   end
+
+  it "always sets the autoclose flag for the new IO object" do
+    @f.autoclose = true
+    dup = @f.dup
+    begin
+      dup.should.autoclose?
+    ensure
+      dup.close
+    end
+
+    @f.autoclose = false
+    dup = @f.dup
+    begin
+      dup.should.autoclose?
+    ensure
+      dup.close
+      @f.autoclose = true
+    end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/io/external_encoding_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/io/external_encoding_spec.rb
index 9666974647..c1b727d930 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/io/external_encoding_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/io/external_encoding_spec.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require_relative '../../spec_helper'
+require_relative 'fixtures/classes'
 
 describe :io_external_encoding_write, shared: true do
   describe "when Encoding.default_internal is nil" do
@@ -93,6 +94,10 @@ describe "IO#external_encoding" do
     rm_r @name
   end
 
+  it "raises an IOError on closed stream" do
+    -> { IOSpecs.closed_io.external_encoding }.should raise_error(IOError)
+  end
+
   describe "with 'r' mode" do
     describe "when Encoding.default_internal is nil" do
       before :each do
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/io/internal_encoding_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/io/internal_encoding_spec.rb
index 10ebf28707..210e969c7b 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/io/internal_encoding_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/io/internal_encoding_spec.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 require_relative '../../spec_helper'
+require_relative 'fixtures/classes'
 
 describe :io_internal_encoding, shared: true do
   describe "when Encoding.default_internal is not set" do
@@ -112,6 +113,10 @@ describe "IO#internal_encoding" do
     Encoding.default_internal = @internal
   end
 
+  it "raises an IOError on closed stream" do
+    -> { IOSpecs.closed_io.internal_encoding }.should raise_error(IOError)
+  end
+
   describe "with 'r' mode" do
     it_behaves_like :io_internal_encoding, nil, "r"
   end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/io/lineno_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/io/lineno_spec.rb
index 3d1b2275cc..99266ecca1 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/io/lineno_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/io/lineno_spec.rb
@@ -14,6 +14,24 @@ describe "IO#lineno" do
     -> { IOSpecs.closed_io.lineno }.should raise_error(IOError)
   end
 
+  it "raises an IOError on a write-only stream" do
+    name = tmp("io_lineno.txt")
+    begin
+      File.open(name, 'w') do |f|
+        -> { f.lineno }.should raise_error(IOError)
+      end
+    ensure
+      rm_r name
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "raises an IOError on a duplexed stream with the read side closed" do
+    IO.popen('cat', 'r+') do |p|
+      p.close_read
+      -> { p.lineno }.should raise_error(IOError)
+    end
+  end
+
   it "returns the current line number" do
     @io.lineno.should == 0
 
@@ -40,6 +58,24 @@ describe "IO#lineno=" do
     -> { IOSpecs.closed_io.lineno = 5 }.should raise_error(IOError)
   end
 
+  it "raises an IOError on a write-only stream" do
+    name = tmp("io_lineno.txt")
+    begin
+      File.open(name, 'w') do |f|
+        -> { f.lineno = 0 }.should raise_error(IOError)
+      end
+    ensure
+      rm_r name
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "raises an IOError on a duplexed stream with the read side closed" do
+    IO.popen('cat', 'r+') do |p|
+      p.close_read
+      -> { p.lineno = 0 }.should raise_error(IOError)
+    end
+  end
+
   it "calls #to_int on a non-numeric argument" do
     obj = mock('123')
     obj.should_receive(:to_int).and_return(123)
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/io/set_encoding_by_bom_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/io/set_encoding_by_bom_spec.rb
index b8e4eedcb9..c551042bee 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/io/set_encoding_by_bom_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/io/set_encoding_by_bom_spec.rb
@@ -34,6 +34,20 @@ describe "IO#set_encoding_by_bom" do
       @io.external_encoding.should == Encoding::UTF_16BE
     end
 
+    it "returns the result encoding if found BOM UTF_32LE sequence" do
+      File.binwrite(@name, "\xFF\xFE\x00\x00abc")
+
+      @io.set_encoding_by_bom.should == Encoding::UTF_32LE
+      @io.external_encoding.should == Encoding::UTF_32LE
+    end
+
+    it "returns the result encoding if found BOM UTF_32BE sequence" do
+      File.binwrite(@name, "\x00\x00\xFE\xFFabc")
+
+      @io.set_encoding_by_bom.should == Encoding::UTF_32BE
+      @io.external_encoding.should == Encoding::UTF_32BE
+    end
+
     it "returns nil if found BOM sequence not provided" do
       File.write(@name, "abc")
 
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/io/sysread_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/io/sysread_spec.rb
index 024200efea..8201ad47ca 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/io/sysread_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/io/sysread_spec.rb
@@ -50,6 +50,11 @@ describe "IO#sysread on a file" do
     @file.sysread(5).should == "56789"
   end
 
+  it "raises an error when called after buffered reads" do
+    @file.readline
+    -> { @file.sysread(5) }.should raise_error(IOError)
+  end
+
   it "reads normally even when called immediately after a buffered IO#read" do
     @file.read(15)
     @file.sysread(5).should == "56789"
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/io/sysseek_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/io/sysseek_spec.rb
index df894734e3..e631939bce 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/io/sysseek_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/io/sysseek_spec.rb
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ describe "IO#sysseek" do
     -> { @io.sysseek(-5, IO::SEEK_CUR) }.should raise_error(IOError)
   end
 
+  it "seeks normally even when called immediately after a buffered IO#read" do
+    @io.read(15)
+    @io.sysseek(-5, IO::SEEK_CUR).should == 10
+  end
+
   it "moves the read position relative to the start with SEEK_SET" do
     @io.sysseek(43, IO::SEEK_SET)
     @io.readline.should == "Aquí está la línea tres.\n"
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/kernel/at_exit_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/kernel/at_exit_spec.rb
index 7bdb5391fe..a784c1ae17 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/kernel/at_exit_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/kernel/at_exit_spec.rb
@@ -33,31 +33,32 @@ describe "Kernel.at_exit" do
       end
     EOC
 
-    result = ruby_exe(code, args: "2>&1")
+    result = ruby_exe(code, args: "2>&1", exit_status: 1)
     result.lines.should.include?("The exception matches: true (message=foo)\n")
   end
 
   it "both exceptions in at_exit and in the main script are printed" do
-    result = ruby_exe('at_exit { raise "at_exit_error" }; raise "main_script_error"', args: "2>&1")
+    code = 'at_exit { raise "at_exit_error" }; raise "main_script_error"'
+    result = ruby_exe(code, args: "2>&1", exit_status: 1)
     result.should.include?('at_exit_error (RuntimeError)')
     result.should.include?('main_script_error (RuntimeError)')
   end
 
   it "decides the exit status if both at_exit and the main script raise SystemExit" do
-    ruby_exe('at_exit { exit 43 }; exit 42', args: "2>&1")
+    ruby_exe('at_exit { exit 43 }; exit 42', args: "2>&1", exit_status: 43)
     $?.exitstatus.should == 43
   end
 
   it "runs all at_exit even if some raise exceptions" do
     code = 'at_exit { STDERR.puts "last" }; at_exit { exit 43 }; at_exit { STDERR.puts "first" }; exit 42'
-    result = ruby_exe(code, args: "2>&1")
+    result = ruby_exe(code, args: "2>&1", exit_status: 43)
     result.should == "first\nlast\n"
     $?.exitstatus.should == 43
   end
 
   it "runs at_exit handlers even if the main script fails to parse" do
     script = fixture(__FILE__, "at_exit.rb")
-    result = ruby_exe('{', options: "-r#{script}", args: "2>&1")
+    result = ruby_exe('{', options: "-r#{script}", args: "2>&1", exit_status: 1)
     $?.should_not.success?
     result.should.include?("at_exit ran\n")
     result.should.include?("syntax error")
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/kernel/eval_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/kernel/eval_spec.rb
index c53e51e430..1e2764a4de 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/kernel/eval_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/kernel/eval_spec.rb
@@ -228,6 +228,17 @@ describe "Kernel#eval" do
     ruby_exe(code).chomp.should == "a,b,c,e,LocalJumpError,f"
   end
 
+  it "can be called with Method#call" do
+    method(:eval).call("2 * 3").should == 6
+  end
+
+  it "has the correct default definee when called through Method#call" do
+    class EvalSpecs
+      method(:eval).call("def eval_spec_method_call; end")
+      EvalSpecs.should have_instance_method(:eval_spec_method_call)
+    end
+  end
+
   # See language/magic_comment_spec.rb for more magic comments specs
   describe "with a magic encoding comment" do
     it "uses the magic comment encoding for the encoding of literal strings" do
@@ -374,43 +385,45 @@ CODE
     end
   end
 
-  it "activates refinements from the eval scope" do
-    refinery = Module.new do
-      refine EvalSpecs::A do
-        def foo
-          "bar"
+  describe 'with refinements' do
+    it "activates refinements from the eval scope" do
+      refinery = Module.new do
+        refine EvalSpecs::A do
+          def foo
+            "bar"
+          end
         end
       end
-    end
 
-    result = nil
+      result = nil
 
-    Module.new do
-      using refinery
+      Module.new do
+        using refinery
 
-      result = eval "EvalSpecs::A.new.foo"
-    end
+        result = eval "EvalSpecs::A.new.foo"
+      end
 
-    result.should == "bar"
-  end
+      result.should == "bar"
+    end
 
-  it "activates refinements from the binding" do
-    refinery = Module.new do
-      refine EvalSpecs::A do
-        def foo
-          "bar"
+    it "activates refinements from the binding" do
+      refinery = Module.new do
+        refine EvalSpecs::A do
+          def foo
+            "bar"
+          end
         end
       end
-    end
 
-    b = nil
-    m = Module.new do
-      using refinery
-      b = binding
-    end
+      b = nil
+      m = Module.new do
+        using refinery
+        b = binding
+      end
 
-    result = eval "EvalSpecs::A.new.foo", b
+      result = eval "EvalSpecs::A.new.foo", b
 
-    result.should == "bar"
+      result.should == "bar"
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/kernel/format_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/kernel/format_spec.rb
index 72fd40b952..e8b031e480 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/kernel/format_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/kernel/format_spec.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 require_relative '../../spec_helper'
 require_relative 'fixtures/classes'
 
+# NOTE: most specs are in sprintf_spec.rb, this is just an alias
 describe "Kernel#format" do
   it "is a private method" do
     Kernel.should have_private_instance_method(:format)
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/kernel/inspect_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/kernel/inspect_spec.rb
index a946d032db..e6fca8bf6f 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/kernel/inspect_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/kernel/inspect_spec.rb
@@ -30,4 +30,12 @@ describe "Kernel#inspect" do
     obj = Object.new
     obj.inspect.should =~ /^#<Object:0x[0-9a-f]+>$/
   end
+
+  it "returns a String for an object without #class method" do
+    obj = Object.new
+    class << obj
+      undef_method :class
+    end
+    obj.inspect.should be_kind_of(String)
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/kernel/shared/sprintf.rb b/spec/ruby/core/kernel/shared/sprintf.rb
index ca1e6bb2ed..6d62a65f7c 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/kernel/shared/sprintf.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/kernel/shared/sprintf.rb
@@ -342,6 +342,23 @@ describe :kernel_sprintf, shared: true do
         sub_string = long_string[8, 5]
         sprintf("%.#{1 * 3}s", sub_string).should == "hel"
       end
+
+      it "formats string with precision" do
+        Kernel.format("%.3s", "hello").should == "hel"
+        Kernel.format("%-3.3s", "hello").should == "hel"
+      end
+
+      it "formats multibyte string with precision" do
+        Kernel.format("%.2s", "été").should == "ét"
+      end
+
+      it "preserves encoding of the format string" do
+        str = format('%s'.encode(Encoding::UTF_8), 'foobar')
+        str.encoding.should == Encoding::UTF_8
+
+        str = format('%s'.encode(Encoding::US_ASCII), 'foobar')
+        str.encoding.should == Encoding::US_ASCII
+      end
     end
 
     describe "%" do
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/module/define_method_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/module/define_method_spec.rb
index 49472c18e1..0cb2ab140c 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/module/define_method_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/module/define_method_spec.rb
@@ -88,6 +88,23 @@ describe "Module#define_method when given an UnboundMethod" do
   end
 end
 
+describe "Module#define_method" do
+  describe "when the default definee is not the same as the module" do
+    it "sets the visibility of the method to public" do
+      klass = Class.new
+      class << klass
+        private
+        define_method(:meta) do
+          define_method(:foo) { :foo }
+        end
+      end
+
+      klass.send :meta
+      klass.new.foo.should == :foo
+    end
+  end
+end
+
 describe "Module#define_method when name is not a special private name" do
   describe "given an UnboundMethod" do
     describe "and called from the target module" do
@@ -491,7 +508,36 @@ describe "Module#define_method" do
     it "receives the value passed as the argument when passed one argument" do
       @klass.new.m(1).should == 1
     end
+  end
+
+  describe "passed { |a,|  } creates a method that" do
+    before :each do
+      @klass = Class.new do
+        define_method(:m) { |a,| a }
+      end
+    end
 
+    it "raises an ArgumentError when passed zero arguments" do
+      -> { @klass.new.m }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    end
+
+    it "raises an ArgumentError when passed zero arguments and a block" do
+      -> { @klass.new.m { :computed } }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    end
+
+    it "raises an ArgumentError when passed two arguments" do
+      -> { @klass.new.m 1, 2 }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
+    end
+
+    it "receives the value passed as the argument when passed one argument" do
+      @klass.new.m(1).should == 1
+    end
+
+    it "does not destructure the passed argument" do
+      @klass.new.m([1, 2]).should == [1, 2]
+      # for comparison:
+      proc { |a,| a }.call([1, 2]).should == 1
+    end
   end
 
   describe "passed { |*a|  } creates a method that" do
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/module/include_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/module/include_spec.rb
index e7f99a5981..c7ead1079c 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/module/include_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/module/include_spec.rb
@@ -234,6 +234,148 @@ describe "Module#include" do
       remove_const :C
     end
   end
+
+  it "updates the method when an included module is updated" do
+    a_class = Class.new do
+      def foo
+        'a'
+      end
+    end
+
+    m_module = Module.new
+
+    b_class = Class.new(a_class) do
+      include m_module
+    end
+
+    b = b_class.new
+
+    foo = -> { b.foo }
+
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+
+    m_module.module_eval do
+      def foo
+        'm'
+      end
+    end
+
+    foo.call.should == 'm'
+  end
+
+
+  it "updates the method when a module included after a call is later updated" do
+    m_module = Module.new
+    a_class = Class.new do
+      def foo
+        'a'
+      end
+    end
+    b_class = Class.new(a_class)
+    b = b_class.new
+    foo = -> { b.foo }
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+
+    b_class.include m_module
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+
+    m_module.module_eval do
+      def foo
+        "m"
+      end
+    end
+    foo.call.should == 'm'
+  end
+
+  it "updates the method when a nested included module is updated" do
+    a_class = Class.new do
+      def foo
+        'a'
+      end
+    end
+
+    n_module = Module.new
+
+    m_module = Module.new  do
+      include n_module
+    end
+
+    b_class = Class.new(a_class) do
+      include m_module
+    end
+
+    b = b_class.new
+
+    foo = -> { b.foo }
+
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+
+    n_module.module_eval do
+      def foo
+        'n'
+      end
+    end
+
+    foo.call.should == 'n'
+  end
+
+  it "updates the method when a new module is included" do
+    a_class = Class.new do
+      def foo
+        'a'
+      end
+    end
+
+    m_module = Module.new do
+      def foo
+        'm'
+      end
+    end
+
+    b_class = Class.new(a_class)
+    b = b_class.new
+
+    foo = -> { b.foo }
+
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+
+    b_class.class_eval do
+      include m_module
+    end
+
+    foo.call.should == 'm'
+  end
+
+  it "updates the method when a new module with nested module is included" do
+    a_class = Class.new do
+      def foo
+        'a'
+      end
+    end
+
+    n_module = Module.new do
+      def foo
+        'n'
+      end
+    end
+
+    m_module = Module.new  do
+      include n_module
+    end
+
+    b_class = Class.new(a_class)
+    b = b_class.new
+
+    foo = -> { b.foo }
+
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+
+    b_class.class_eval do
+      include m_module
+    end
+
+    foo.call.should == 'n'
+  end
 end
 
 describe "Module#include?" do
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/module/prepend_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/module/prepend_spec.rb
index a501b5e50c..f11ca1b8b6 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/module/prepend_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/module/prepend_spec.rb
@@ -36,6 +36,192 @@ describe "Module#prepend" do
     ScratchPad.recorded.should == [ [ m3, c], [ m2, c ], [ m, c ] ]
   end
 
+  it "updates the method when a module is prepended" do
+    m_module = Module.new do
+      def foo
+        "m"
+      end
+    end
+    a_class = Class.new do
+      def foo
+        'a'
+      end
+    end
+    a = a_class.new
+    foo = -> { a.foo }
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+    a_class.class_eval do
+      prepend m_module
+    end
+    foo.call.should == 'm'
+  end
+
+  it "updates the method when a prepended module is updated" do
+    m_module = Module.new
+    a_class = Class.new do
+      prepend m_module
+      def foo
+        'a'
+      end
+    end
+    a = a_class.new
+    foo = -> { a.foo }
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+    m_module.module_eval do
+      def foo
+        "m"
+      end
+    end
+    foo.call.should == 'm'
+  end
+
+  it "updates the method when there is a base included method and the prepended module overrides it" do
+    base_module = Module.new do
+      def foo
+        'a'
+      end
+    end
+    a_class = Class.new do
+      include base_module
+    end
+    a = a_class.new
+    foo = -> { a.foo }
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+
+    m_module = Module.new do
+      def foo
+        "m"
+      end
+    end
+    a_class.prepend m_module
+    foo.call.should == 'm'
+  end
+
+  it "updates the method when there is a base included method and the prepended module is later updated" do
+    base_module = Module.new do
+      def foo
+        'a'
+      end
+    end
+    a_class = Class.new do
+      include base_module
+    end
+    a = a_class.new
+    foo = -> { a.foo }
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+
+    m_module = Module.new
+    a_class.prepend m_module
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+
+    m_module.module_eval do
+      def foo
+        "m"
+      end
+    end
+    foo.call.should == 'm'
+  end
+
+  it "updates the method when a module prepended after a call is later updated" do
+    m_module = Module.new
+    a_class = Class.new do
+      def foo
+        'a'
+      end
+    end
+    a = a_class.new
+    foo = -> { a.foo }
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+
+    a_class.prepend m_module
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+
+    m_module.module_eval do
+      def foo
+        "m"
+      end
+    end
+    foo.call.should == 'm'
+  end
+
+  it "updates the method when a module is prepended after another and the method is defined later on that module" do
+    m_module = Module.new do
+      def foo
+        'a'
+      end
+    end
+    a_class = Class.new
+    a_class.prepend m_module
+    a = a_class.new
+    foo = -> { a.foo }
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+
+    n_module = Module.new
+    a_class.prepend n_module
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+
+    n_module.module_eval do
+      def foo
+        "n"
+      end
+    end
+    foo.call.should == 'n'
+  end
+
+  it "updates the method when a module is included in a prepended module and the method is defined later" do
+    a_class = Class.new
+    base_module = Module.new do
+      def foo
+        'a'
+      end
+    end
+    a_class.prepend base_module
+    a = a_class.new
+    foo = -> { a.foo }
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+
+    m_module = Module.new
+    n_module = Module.new
+    m_module.include n_module
+    a_class.prepend m_module
+
+    n_module.module_eval do
+      def foo
+        "n"
+      end
+    end
+    foo.call.should == 'n'
+  end
+
+  it "updates the method when a new module with an included module is prepended" do
+    a_class = Class.new do
+      def foo
+        'a'
+      end
+    end
+
+    n_module = Module.new do
+      def foo
+        'n'
+      end
+    end
+
+    m_module = Module.new  do
+      include n_module
+    end
+
+    a = a_class.new
+    foo = -> { a.foo }
+
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+
+    a_class.class_eval do
+      prepend m_module
+    end
+
+    foo.call.should == 'n'
+  end
+
   it "raises a TypeError when the argument is not a Module" do
     -> { ModuleSpecs::Basic.prepend(Class.new) }.should raise_error(TypeError)
   end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/module/remove_method_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/module/remove_method_spec.rb
index b6ae02078f..94b255df62 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/module/remove_method_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/module/remove_method_spec.rb
@@ -43,6 +43,28 @@ describe "Module#remove_method" do
     x.method_to_remove.should == 1
   end
 
+  it "updates the method implementation" do
+    m_module = Module.new do
+      def foo
+        'm'
+      end
+    end
+
+    a_class = Class.new do
+      include m_module
+
+      def foo
+        'a'
+      end
+    end
+
+    a = a_class.new
+    foo = -> { a.foo }
+    foo.call.should == 'a'
+    a_class.remove_method(:foo)
+    foo.call.should == 'm'
+  end
+
   it "removes multiple methods with 1 call" do
     klass = Class.new do
       def method_to_remove_1; 1; end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/objectspace/_id2ref_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/objectspace/_id2ref_spec.rb
index 6e8828348e..c088ae2743 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/objectspace/_id2ref_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/objectspace/_id2ref_spec.rb
@@ -7,16 +7,43 @@ describe "ObjectSpace._id2ref" do
     r.should == s
   end
 
-  it "retrieves an Integer by object_id" do
-    f = 1
-    r = ObjectSpace._id2ref(f.object_id)
-    r.should == f
+  it "retrieves true by object_id" do
+    ObjectSpace._id2ref(true.object_id).should == true
+  end
+
+  it "retrieves false by object_id" do
+    ObjectSpace._id2ref(false.object_id).should == false
+  end
+
+  it "retrieves nil by object_id" do
+    ObjectSpace._id2ref(nil.object_id).should == nil
+  end
+
+  it "retrieves a small Integer by object_id" do
+    ObjectSpace._id2ref(1.object_id).should == 1
+    ObjectSpace._id2ref((-42).object_id).should == -42
+  end
+
+  it "retrieves a large Integer by object_id" do
+    obj = 1 << 88
+    ObjectSpace._id2ref(obj.object_id).should.equal?(obj)
   end
 
   it "retrieves a Symbol by object_id" do
-    s = :sym
-    r = ObjectSpace._id2ref(s.object_id)
-    r.should == s
+    ObjectSpace._id2ref(:sym.object_id).should.equal?(:sym)
+  end
+
+  it "retrieves a String by object_id" do
+    obj = "str"
+    ObjectSpace._id2ref(obj.object_id).should.equal?(obj)
+  end
+
+  it "retrieves a frozen literal String by object_id" do
+    ObjectSpace._id2ref("frozen string literal _id2ref".freeze.object_id).should.equal?("frozen string literal _id2ref".freeze)
+  end
+
+  it "retrieves an Encoding by object_id" do
+    ObjectSpace._id2ref(Encoding::UTF_8.object_id).should.equal?(Encoding::UTF_8)
   end
 
   it 'raises RangeError when an object could not be found' do
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/objectspace/define_finalizer_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/objectspace/define_finalizer_spec.rb
index ed021b7131..281785b0a4 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/objectspace/define_finalizer_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/objectspace/define_finalizer_spec.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ require_relative 'fixtures/classes'
 # Why do we not test that finalizers are run by the GC? The documentation
 # says that finalizers are never guaranteed to be run, so we can't
 # spec that they are. On some implementations of Ruby the finalizers may
-# run asyncronously, meaning that we can't predict when they'll run,
+# run asynchronously, meaning that we can't predict when they'll run,
 # even if they were guaranteed to do so. Even on MRI finalizers can be
 # very unpredictable, due to conservative stack scanning and references
 # left in unused memory.
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/process/status/equal_value_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/process/status/equal_value_spec.rb
index 444ce1775b..d85bb22214 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/process/status/equal_value_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/process/status/equal_value_spec.rb
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
 describe "Process::Status#==" do
   it "returns true when compared to the integer status of an exited child" do
-    ruby_exe("exit(29)")
+    ruby_exe("exit(29)", exit_status: 29)
     $?.to_i.should == $?
     $?.should == $?.to_i
   end
 
   it "returns true when compared to the integer status of a terminated child" do
-    ruby_exe("Process.kill(:KILL, $$); exit(29)")
+    ruby_exe("Process.kill(:KILL, $$); exit(29)", exit_status: platform_is(:windows) ? 0 : nil)
     $?.to_i.should == $?
     $?.should == $?.to_i
   end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/process/status/exited_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/process/status/exited_spec.rb
index 0ae3f9e7ae..059cd5b1aa 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/process/status/exited_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/process/status/exited_spec.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
 describe "Process::Status#exited?" do
-
   describe "for a child that exited normally" do
-
     before :each do
       ruby_exe("exit(0)")
     end
@@ -15,9 +13,8 @@ describe "Process::Status#exited?" do
 
 
   describe "for a terminated child" do
-
     before :each do
-      ruby_exe("Process.kill(:KILL, $$); exit(42)")
+      ruby_exe("Process.kill(:KILL, $$); exit(42)", exit_status: platform_is(:windows) ? 0 : nil)
     end
 
     platform_is_not :windows do
@@ -31,7 +28,5 @@ describe "Process::Status#exited?" do
         $?.exited?.should be_true
       end
     end
-
   end
-
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/process/status/exitstatus_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/process/status/exitstatus_spec.rb
index d6c6965b9e..3087bd619e 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/process/status/exitstatus_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/process/status/exitstatus_spec.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
 describe "Process::Status#exitstatus" do
   before :each do
-    ruby_exe("exit(42)")
+    ruby_exe("exit(42)", exit_status: 42)
   end
 
   it "returns the process exit code" do
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ describe "Process::Status#exitstatus" do
 
   describe "for a child that raised SignalException" do
     before :each do
-      ruby_exe("Process.kill(:KILL, $$); exit(42)")
+      ruby_exe("Process.kill(:KILL, $$); exit(42)", exit_status: platform_is(:windows) ? 0 : nil)
     end
 
     platform_is_not :windows do
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/process/status/signaled_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/process/status/signaled_spec.rb
index f23c95025f..389092a533 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/process/status/signaled_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/process/status/signaled_spec.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
 describe "Process::Status#signaled?" do
-
   describe "for a cleanly exited child" do
-
     before :each do
       ruby_exe("exit(0)")
     end
@@ -14,9 +12,8 @@ describe "Process::Status#signaled?" do
   end
 
   describe "for a terminated child" do
-
     before :each do
-      ruby_exe("Process.kill(:KILL, $$); exit(42)")
+      ruby_exe("Process.kill(:KILL, $$); exit(42)", exit_status: platform_is(:windows) ? 0 : nil)
     end
 
     platform_is_not :windows do
@@ -30,6 +27,5 @@ describe "Process::Status#signaled?" do
         $?.signaled?.should be_false
       end
     end
-
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/process/status/success_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/process/status/success_spec.rb
index 28a1721800..c531121f08 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/process/status/success_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/process/status/success_spec.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
 describe "Process::Status#success?" do
-
   describe "for a child that exited normally" do
-
     before :each do
       ruby_exe("exit(0)")
     end
@@ -14,9 +12,8 @@ describe "Process::Status#success?" do
   end
 
   describe "for a child that exited with a non zero status" do
-
     before :each do
-      ruby_exe("exit(42)")
+      ruby_exe("exit(42)", exit_status: 42)
     end
 
     it "returns false" do
@@ -25,27 +22,20 @@ describe "Process::Status#success?" do
   end
 
   describe "for a child that was terminated" do
-
     before :each do
-      ruby_exe("Process.kill(:KILL, $$); exit(42)")
+      ruby_exe("Process.kill(:KILL, $$); exit(42)", exit_status: platform_is(:windows) ? 0 : nil)
     end
 
     platform_is_not :windows do
-
       it "returns nil" do
         $?.success?.should be_nil
       end
-
     end
 
     platform_is :windows do
-
       it "always returns true" do
         $?.success?.should be_true
       end
-
     end
-
   end
-
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/process/status/termsig_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/process/status/termsig_spec.rb
index 204708bc1b..1c87a6f455 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/process/status/termsig_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/process/status/termsig_spec.rb
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ describe "Process::Status#termsig" do
 
   describe "for a child that raised SignalException" do
     before :each do
-      ruby_exe("raise SignalException, 'SIGTERM'")
+      ruby_exe("raise SignalException, 'SIGTERM'", exit_status: nil)
     end
 
     platform_is_not :windows do
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ describe "Process::Status#termsig" do
 
   describe "for a child that was sent a signal" do
     before :each do
-      ruby_exe("Process.kill(:KILL, $$); exit(42)")
+      ruby_exe("Process.kill(:KILL, $$); exit(42)", exit_status: platform_is(:windows) ? 0 : nil)
     end
 
     platform_is_not :windows do
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/process/status/to_i_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/process/status/to_i_spec.rb
index a284f64f86..7cde9b915b 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/process/status/to_i_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/process/status/to_i_spec.rb
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
 
 describe "Process::Status#to_i" do
   it "returns an integer when the child exits" do
-    ruby_exe('exit 48')
+    ruby_exe('exit 48', exit_status: 48)
     $?.to_i.should be_an_instance_of(Integer)
   end
 
   it "returns an integer when the child is signaled" do
-    ruby_exe('raise SignalException, "TERM"')
+    ruby_exe('raise SignalException, "TERM"', exit_status: platform_is(:windows) ? 3 : nil)
     $?.to_i.should be_an_instance_of(Integer)
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/range/step_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/range/step_spec.rb
index 1c2e30742c..be4b482654 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/range/step_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/range/step_spec.rb
@@ -207,11 +207,17 @@ describe "Range#step" do
         ScratchPad.recorded.should eql([-1.0, -0.5, 0.0, 0.5])
       end
 
+      it "returns Float values of 'step * n + begin < end'" do
+        (1.0...6.4).step(1.8) { |x| ScratchPad << x }
+        ScratchPad.recorded.should eql([1.0, 2.8, 4.6])
+      end
+
       ruby_version_is '3.1' do
-        it "returns Float values of 'step * n + begin < end'" do
-          (1.0...6.4).step(1.8) { |x| ScratchPad << x }
+        it "correctly handles values near the upper limit" do # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16612
           (1.0...55.6).step(18.2) { |x| ScratchPad << x }
-          ScratchPad.recorded.should eql([1.0, 2.8, 4.6, 1.0, 19.2, 37.4, 55.599999999999994])
+          ScratchPad.recorded.should eql([1.0, 19.2, 37.4, 55.599999999999994])
+
+          (1.0...55.6).step(18.2).size.should == 4
         end
       end
 
@@ -459,21 +465,18 @@ describe "Range#step" do
           (-1.0...1.0).step(0.5).size.should == 4
         end
 
-        ruby_version_is '3.1' do
-          it "returns the range size when there's no step_size" do
-            (-2..2).step.size.should == 5
-            (-2.0..2.0).step.size.should == 5
-            (-2..2.0).step.size.should == 5
-            (-2.0..2).step.size.should == 5
-            (1.0..6.4).step(1.8).size.should == 4
-            (1.0..12.7).step(1.3).size.should == 10
-            (-2...2).step.size.should == 4
-            (-2.0...2.0).step.size.should == 4
-            (-2...2.0).step.size.should == 4
-            (-2.0...2).step.size.should == 4
-            (1.0...6.4).step(1.8).size.should == 3
-            (1.0...55.6).step(18.2).size.should == 4
-          end
+        it "returns the range size when there's no step_size" do
+          (-2..2).step.size.should == 5
+          (-2.0..2.0).step.size.should == 5
+          (-2..2.0).step.size.should == 5
+          (-2.0..2).step.size.should == 5
+          (1.0..6.4).step(1.8).size.should == 4
+          (1.0..12.7).step(1.3).size.should == 10
+          (-2...2).step.size.should == 4
+          (-2.0...2.0).step.size.should == 4
+          (-2...2.0).step.size.should == 4
+          (-2.0...2).step.size.should == 4
+          (1.0...6.4).step(1.8).size.should == 3
         end
 
         it "returns nil with begin and end are String" do
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/signal/trap_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/signal/trap_spec.rb
index 61d39cfa93..3c78922694 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/signal/trap_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/signal/trap_spec.rb
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ describe "Signal.trap" do
         r.close
         loop { w.write("a"*1024) }
       RUBY
-      out = ruby_exe(code)
+      out = ruby_exe(code, exit_status: nil)
       status = $?
       out.should == "nil\n"
       status.should.signaled?
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/string/inspect_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/string/inspect_spec.rb
index 9818796c83..98b5b32b61 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/string/inspect_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/string/inspect_spec.rb
@@ -502,5 +502,11 @@ describe "String#inspect" do
         "\u{3042}".encode("EUC-JP").inspect.should == '"\\x{A4A2}"'
       end
     end
+
+    describe "and the string has both ASCII-compatible and ASCII-incompatible chars" do
+      it "returns a string with the non-ASCII characters replaced by \\u notation" do
+        "hello привет".encode("utf-16le").inspect.should == '"hello \\u043F\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u0442"'
+      end
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/string/rpartition_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/string/rpartition_spec.rb
index c6428636f6..fc37f8b427 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/string/rpartition_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/string/rpartition_spec.rb
@@ -11,6 +11,19 @@ describe "String#rpartition with String" do
     "hello".rpartition("hello").should == ["", "hello", ""]
   end
 
+  it "returns original string if regexp doesn't match" do
+    "hello".rpartition("/x/").should == ["", "", "hello"]
+  end
+
+  it "returns new object if doesn't match" do
+    str = "hello"
+    str.rpartition("/no_match/").last.should_not.equal?(str)
+  end
+
+  it "handles multibyte string correctly" do
+    "ユーザ@ドメイン".rpartition(/@/).should == ["ユーザ", "@", "ドメイン"]
+  end
+
   it "accepts regexp" do
     "hello!".rpartition(/l./).should == ["hel", "lo", "!"]
   end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/string/split_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/string/split_spec.rb
index 2ebfe1e353..e3641b33e0 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/string/split_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/string/split_spec.rb
@@ -461,6 +461,16 @@ describe "String#split with Regexp" do
     ->{ broken_str.split(/\r\n|\r|\n/) }.should raise_error(ArgumentError)
   end
 
+  # See https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12689 and https://github.com/jruby/jruby/issues/4868
+  it "allows concurrent Regexp calls in a shared context" do
+    str = 'a,b,c,d,e'
+
+    p = proc { str.split(/,/) }
+    results = 10.times.map { Thread.new { x = nil; 100.times { x = p.call }; x } }.map(&:value)
+
+    results.should == [%w[a b c d e]] * 10
+  end
+
   ruby_version_is "2.6" do
     context "when a block is given" do
       it "yields each split substring with default pattern" do
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/struct/dig_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/struct/dig_spec.rb
index 4e39e5a4ef..93a52dbbe1 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/struct/dig_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/struct/dig_spec.rb
@@ -10,6 +10,16 @@ describe "Struct#dig" do
     @instance.dig(:a, :a).should == { b: [1, 2, 3] }
   end
 
+  it "accepts String keys" do
+    @instance.dig('a', 'a').should == { b: [1, 2, 3] }
+  end
+
+  it "returns the value by the index" do
+    instance = Struct.new(:a, :b).new(:one, :two)
+    instance.dig(0).should == :one
+    instance.dig(1).should == :two
+  end
+
   it "returns the nested value specified if the sequence includes an index" do
     @instance.dig(:a, :a, :b, 0).should == 1
   end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/language/fixtures/return.rb b/spec/ruby/language/fixtures/return.rb
index 0414c356e8..f6b143f3fa 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/language/fixtures/return.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/language/fixtures/return.rb
@@ -101,18 +101,14 @@ module ReturnSpecs
       # return value will go into val before we run the ensure.
       #
       # If lamb's return keeps unwinding incorrectly, val will still
-      # have it's old value.
+      # have its old value.
       #
       # We can therefore use val to figure out what happened.
       begin
         val = foo()
       ensure
-        if val != :good
-          return :bad
-        end
+        return val
       end
-
-      return val
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/ruby/language/hash_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/language/hash_spec.rb
index afc0df12a2..9b2e5a2dc7 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/language/hash_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/language/hash_spec.rb
@@ -48,6 +48,21 @@ describe "Hash literal" do
     }.should complain(/key :foo is duplicated|duplicated key/)
     @h.keys.size.should == 1
     @h.should == {foo: :foo}
+    -> {
+      @h = eval "{%q{a} => :bar, %q{a} => :foo}"
+    }.should complain(/key "a" is duplicated|duplicated key/)
+    @h.keys.size.should == 1
+    @h.should == {%q{a} => :foo}
+    -> {
+      @h = eval "{1000 => :bar, 1000 => :foo}"
+    }.should complain(/key 1000 is duplicated|duplicated key/)
+    @h.keys.size.should == 1
+    @h.should == {1000 => :foo}
+    -> {
+      @h = eval "{1.0 => :bar, 1.0 => :foo}"
+    }.should complain(/key 1.0 is duplicated|duplicated key/)
+    @h.keys.size.should == 1
+    @h.should == {1.0 => :foo}
   end
 
   it "accepts a hanging comma" do
diff --git a/spec/ruby/language/source_encoding_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/language/source_encoding_spec.rb
index a0a29f63de..19364fc676 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/language/source_encoding_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/language/source_encoding_spec.rb
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ describe "Source files" do
 
       touch(path, "wb") { |f| f.write source }
       begin
-        ruby_exe(path, args: "2>&1").should =~ /invalid multibyte char/
+        ruby_exe(path, args: "2>&1", exit_status: 1).should =~ /invalid multibyte char/
       ensure
         rm_r path
       end
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ describe "Source files" do
 
       touch(path, "wb") { |f| f.write source }
       begin
-        ruby_exe(path, args: "2>&1").should =~ /invalid multibyte char/
+        ruby_exe(path, args: "2>&1", exit_status: 1).should =~ /invalid multibyte char/
       ensure
         rm_r path
       end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/datetime/strftime_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/datetime/strftime_spec.rb
index 1c925f92eb..cf07bbf9de 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/datetime/strftime_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/datetime/strftime_spec.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+require_relative '../../spec_helper'
 require 'date'
 require_relative '../../shared/time/strftime_for_date'
 require_relative '../../shared/time/strftime_for_time'
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rbconfig/rbconfig_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rbconfig/rbconfig_spec.rb
index b3b8f32edb..99b9da71e4 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/library/rbconfig/rbconfig_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rbconfig/rbconfig_spec.rb
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ describe 'RbConfig::CONFIG' do
       File.directory?(archdir).should == true
       File.should.exist?("#{archdir}/etc.#{RbConfig::CONFIG['DLEXT']}")
     end
+
+    it "['sitelibdir'] is set and is part of $LOAD_PATH" do
+      sitelibdir = RbConfig::CONFIG['sitelibdir']
+      sitelibdir.should be_kind_of String
+      $LOAD_PATH.should.include? sitelibdir
+    end
   end
 
   it "contains no frozen strings even with --enable-frozen-string-literal" do
@@ -36,7 +42,7 @@ describe 'RbConfig::CONFIG' do
     RUBY
   end
 
-  guard -> {RbConfig::TOPDIR} do
+  guard -> { RbConfig::TOPDIR } do
     it "libdir/LIBRUBY_SO is the path to libruby and it exists if and only if ENABLE_SHARED" do
       libdirname = RbConfig::CONFIG['LIBPATHENV'] == 'PATH' ? 'bindir' :
                      RbConfig::CONFIG['libdirname']
diff --git a/spec/ruby/library/rubygems/gem/load_path_insert_index_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/library/rubygems/gem/load_path_insert_index_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..58913cddab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/ruby/library/rubygems/gem/load_path_insert_index_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
+require 'rubygems'
+
+describe "Gem.load_path_insert_index" do
+  guard -> { RbConfig::TOPDIR } do
+    it "is set for an installed an installed Ruby" do
+      Gem.load_path_insert_index.should be_kind_of Integer
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/optional/capi/data_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/optional/capi/data_spec.rb
index c03b863678..18c769332e 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/optional/capi/data_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/optional/capi/data_spec.rb
@@ -36,6 +36,13 @@ describe "CApiWrappedStruct" do
     end
   end
 
+  describe "rb_check_type" do
+    it "does not raise an exception when checking data objects" do
+      a = @s.wrap_struct(1024)
+      @s.rb_check_type(a, a).should == true
+    end
+  end
+
   describe "DATA_PTR" do
     it "returns the struct data" do
       a = @s.wrap_struct(1024)
diff --git a/spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/data_spec.c b/spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/data_spec.c
index 109bded1d1..ef069ef0ba 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/data_spec.c
+++ b/spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/data_spec.c
@@ -66,6 +66,11 @@ VALUE sws_change_struct(VALUE self, VALUE obj, VALUE new_val) {
   return Qnil;
 }
 
+VALUE sws_rb_check_type(VALUE self, VALUE obj, VALUE other) {
+  rb_check_type(obj, TYPE(other));
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
 void Init_data_spec(void) {
   VALUE cls = rb_define_class("CApiAllocSpecs", rb_cObject);
   rb_define_alloc_func(cls, sdaf_alloc_func);
@@ -76,6 +81,7 @@ void Init_data_spec(void) {
   rb_define_method(cls, "get_struct_rdata", sws_get_struct_rdata, 1);
   rb_define_method(cls, "get_struct_data_ptr", sws_get_struct_data_ptr, 1);
   rb_define_method(cls, "change_struct", sws_change_struct, 2);
+  rb_define_method(cls, "rb_check_type", sws_rb_check_type, 2);
 }
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/object_spec.c b/spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/object_spec.c
index 24f9de260e..950c081818 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/object_spec.c
+++ b/spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/object_spec.c
@@ -189,6 +189,11 @@ static VALUE object_spec_RTEST(VALUE self, VALUE value) {
   return RTEST(value) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
+static VALUE so_check_type(VALUE self, VALUE obj, VALUE other) {
+  rb_check_type(obj, TYPE(other));
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
 static VALUE so_is_type_nil(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
   if(TYPE(obj) == T_NIL) {
     return Qtrue;
@@ -434,6 +439,7 @@ void Init_object_spec(void) {
 
   rb_define_method(cls, "rb_to_id", so_to_id, 1);
   rb_define_method(cls, "RTEST", object_spec_RTEST, 1);
+  rb_define_method(cls, "rb_check_type", so_check_type, 2);
   rb_define_method(cls, "rb_is_type_nil", so_is_type_nil, 1);
   rb_define_method(cls, "rb_is_type_object", so_is_type_object, 1);
   rb_define_method(cls, "rb_is_type_array", so_is_type_array, 1);
diff --git a/spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/typed_data_spec.c b/spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/typed_data_spec.c
index 70f21ce36f..eca2b667cc 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/typed_data_spec.c
+++ b/spec/ruby/optional/capi/ext/typed_data_spec.c
@@ -148,6 +148,11 @@ VALUE sws_typed_change_struct(VALUE self, VALUE obj, VALUE new_val) {
   return Qnil;
 }
 
+VALUE sws_typed_rb_check_type(VALUE self, VALUE obj, VALUE other) {
+  rb_check_type(obj, TYPE(other));
+  return Qtrue;
+}
+
 VALUE sws_typed_rb_check_typeddata_same_type(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
   return rb_check_typeddata(obj, &sample_typed_wrapped_struct_data_type) == DATA_PTR(obj) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
@@ -172,6 +177,7 @@ void Init_typed_data_spec(void) {
   rb_define_method(cls, "typed_get_struct_rdata", sws_typed_get_struct_rdata, 1);
   rb_define_method(cls, "typed_get_struct_data_ptr", sws_typed_get_struct_data_ptr, 1);
   rb_define_method(cls, "typed_change_struct", sws_typed_change_struct, 2);
+  rb_define_method(cls, "rb_check_type", sws_typed_rb_check_type, 2);
   rb_define_method(cls, "rb_check_typeddata_same_type", sws_typed_rb_check_typeddata_same_type, 1);
   rb_define_method(cls, "rb_check_typeddata_same_type_parent", sws_typed_rb_check_typeddata_same_type_parent, 1);
   rb_define_method(cls, "rb_check_typeddata_different_type", sws_typed_rb_check_typeddata_different_type, 1);
diff --git a/spec/ruby/optional/capi/object_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/optional/capi/object_spec.rb
index 9b3a0593b0..ab11367060 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/optional/capi/object_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/optional/capi/object_spec.rb
@@ -499,20 +499,43 @@ describe "CApiObject" do
       @o.rb_is_type_array([]).should == true
       @o.rb_is_type_array(DescArray.new).should == true
       @o.rb_is_type_module(ObjectTest).should == false
+      @o.rb_is_type_module(Module.new).should == true
       @o.rb_is_type_class(ObjectTest).should == true
       @o.rb_is_type_data(Time.now).should == true
     end
   end
 
+  describe "rb_check_type" do
+    it "checks if the object is of the given type" do
+      @o.rb_check_type(nil, nil).should == true
+      @o.rb_check_type(ObjectTest.new, Object.new).should == true
+      @o.rb_check_type([], []).should == true
+      @o.rb_check_type(Class.new(Array).new, []).should == true
+      @o.rb_check_type(ObjectTest, Object).should == true
+    end
+
+    it "raises an exception if the object is not of the expected type" do
+      -> {
+        @o.rb_check_type([], Object.new)
+      }.should raise_error(TypeError, 'wrong argument type Array (expected Object)')
+
+      -> {
+        @o.rb_check_type(ObjectTest, Module.new)
+      }.should raise_error(TypeError, 'wrong argument type Class (expected Module)')
+
+      -> {
+        @o.rb_check_type(nil, "string")
+      }.should raise_error(TypeError, 'wrong argument type nil (expected String)')
+    end
+  end
+
   describe "rb_type_p" do
     it "returns whether object is of the given type" do
-      class DescArray < Array
-      end
       @o.rb_is_rb_type_p_nil(nil).should == true
       @o.rb_is_rb_type_p_object([]).should == false
       @o.rb_is_rb_type_p_object(ObjectTest.new).should == true
       @o.rb_is_rb_type_p_array([]).should == true
-      @o.rb_is_rb_type_p_array(DescArray.new).should == true
+      @o.rb_is_rb_type_p_array(Class.new(Array).new).should == true
       @o.rb_is_rb_type_p_module(ObjectTest).should == false
       @o.rb_is_rb_type_p_class(ObjectTest).should == true
       @o.rb_is_rb_type_p_data(Time.now).should == true
@@ -521,12 +544,10 @@ describe "CApiObject" do
 
   describe "BUILTIN_TYPE" do
     it "returns the type constant for the object" do
-      class DescArray < Array
-      end
       @o.rb_is_builtin_type_object([]).should == false
       @o.rb_is_builtin_type_object(ObjectTest.new).should == true
       @o.rb_is_builtin_type_array([]).should == true
-      @o.rb_is_builtin_type_array(DescArray.new).should == true
+      @o.rb_is_builtin_type_array(Class.new(Array).new).should == true
       @o.rb_is_builtin_type_module(ObjectTest).should == false
       @o.rb_is_builtin_type_class(ObjectTest).should == true
       @o.rb_is_builtin_type_data(Time.now).should == true
diff --git a/spec/ruby/optional/capi/typed_data_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/optional/capi/typed_data_spec.rb
index 9ccfa562d1..23b7c157ef 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/optional/capi/typed_data_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/optional/capi/typed_data_spec.rb
@@ -58,6 +58,17 @@ describe "CApiWrappedTypedStruct" do
     end
   end
 
+  describe "rb_check_type" do
+    it "raises an exception when checking typed data objects" do
+      -> {
+        a = @s.typed_wrap_struct(1024)
+        @s.rb_check_type(a, a)
+      }.should raise_error(TypeError) { |e|
+        e.message.should == 'wrong argument type Object (expected Data)'
+      }
+    end
+  end
+
   describe "rb_check_typeddata" do
     it "returns data pointer when the struct has the given type" do
       a = @s.typed_wrap_struct(1024)
diff --git a/spec/ruby/shared/process/exit.rb b/spec/ruby/shared/process/exit.rb
index e633afc73a..ae8abaea40 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/shared/process/exit.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/shared/process/exit.rb
@@ -75,25 +75,25 @@ end
 
 describe :process_exit!, shared: true do
   it "exits with the given status" do
-    out = ruby_exe("#{@object}.send(:exit!, 21)", args: '2>&1')
+    out = ruby_exe("#{@object}.send(:exit!, 21)", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 21)
     out.should == ""
     $?.exitstatus.should == 21
   end
 
   it "exits when called from a thread" do
-    out = ruby_exe("Thread.new { #{@object}.send(:exit!, 21) }.join; sleep", args: '2>&1')
+    out = ruby_exe("Thread.new { #{@object}.send(:exit!, 21) }.join; sleep", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 21)
     out.should == ""
     $?.exitstatus.should == 21
   end
 
   it "exits when called from a fiber" do
-    out = ruby_exe("Fiber.new { #{@object}.send(:exit!, 21) }.resume", args: '2>&1')
+    out = ruby_exe("Fiber.new { #{@object}.send(:exit!, 21) }.resume", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 21)
     out.should == ""
     $?.exitstatus.should == 21
   end
 
   it "skips at_exit handlers" do
-    out = ruby_exe("at_exit { STDERR.puts 'at_exit' }; #{@object}.send(:exit!, 21)", args: '2>&1')
+    out = ruby_exe("at_exit { STDERR.puts 'at_exit' }; #{@object}.send(:exit!, 21)", args: '2>&1', exit_status: 21)
     out.should == ""
     $?.exitstatus.should == 21
   end
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ describe :process_exit!, shared: true do
     end
     raise 'original error'
     RUBY
-    out = ruby_exe(code, args: '2>&1')
+    out = ruby_exe(code, args: '2>&1', exit_status: 21)
     out.should == "in at_exit\n$! is RuntimeError:original error\n"
     $?.exitstatus.should == 21
   end
diff --git a/spec/ruby/shared/time/strftime_for_time.rb b/spec/ruby/shared/time/strftime_for_time.rb
index 49cd09051a..9f4d08d72e 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/shared/time/strftime_for_time.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/shared/time/strftime_for_time.rb
@@ -170,4 +170,12 @@ describe :strftime_time, shared: true do
     time.strftime("%-k%p").should == "8AM"
     time.strftime("%-l%p").should == "8AM"
   end
+
+  it "should be able to show default Logger format" do
+    default_logger_format = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%6N "
+    @new_time[2001, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].strftime(default_logger_format).should == "2001-02-03T04:05:06.000000 "
+    @new_time[2001, 12, 3, 4, 5, 6 + 1/10r].strftime(default_logger_format).should == "2001-12-03T04:05:06.100000 "
+    @new_time[2001, 2, 13, 4, 5, 6 + 1/100r].strftime(default_logger_format).should == "2001-02-13T04:05:06.010000 "
+    @new_time[2001, 2, 3, 14, 5, 6 + 1/1000r].strftime(default_logger_format).should == "2001-02-03T14:05:06.001000 "
+  end
 end